This report examines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project in Assam through a just transition lens. Using mixed methods, it analyses how hydropower development reshapes livelihoods, migration patterns, and local inequalities. Findings highlight uneven distribution of benefits, limited community participation, and cultural disruptions, especially among marginalised groups, and propose policy pathways to ensure equitable, inclusive, and sustainable energy transitions.