Ernakulam district is undergoing a rapid urban, demographic, and climatic transition that is reshaping its socioeconomic and environmental landscape. As one of the country’s major destinations for internal migrants, the district represents a critical site where processes of urban growth, labour mobility, and climate risk increasingly intersect. This report synthesises evidence from existing studies to examine the pace and characteristics of these transformations, their implications, and key gaps in current knowledge. In addition, it presents original analysis to provide preliminary insights into the district’s emerging climate risk trajectory. Together, the review and analysis offer a consolidated understanding of the evolving dynamics shaping Ernakulam’s development, migration and risk profile.