Abstract

Background:
Safe disposal of human waste has traditionally had the twin goals of protecting public health and the environment. Although 2.1 billion people received improved sanitation from 1990 to 2015, 2.4 billion still lack access.1 Another 1.5 billion have access to sanitation facilities that do not treat the excreta before discharge into the environment.2 Developing countries (like India) have constructed millions of toilets with onsite sanitation systems (OSS). Disposal is a cause of concern in high water table areas. The sanitation upgradation process becomes necessary to ensure that the existing sanitation facilities which the community can afford, can be further retrofitted according to demand perception, availability of funds, local materials, skilled manpower and a delivery system that functions properly. This study’s outcomes are important because the number of people who use household sanitation technology is expected to rise from 2.7 billion to 5 billion by 20303. The key objective of this study is to enhance the performance by introducing a compact bio-digester-based treatment system into existing OSS. The bacteria inoculum bio-digester is an appropriate onsite technology for blackwater treatment.