{"id":20432,"date":"2023-12-20T14:26:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T08:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=20432"},"modified":"2023-12-22T12:22:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T06:52:59","slug":"deep-learning-approach-for-monitoring-urban-land-cover-changes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/deep-learning-approach-for-monitoring-urban-land-cover-changes\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep Learning Approach for Monitoring Urban Land Cover Changes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-5brhtcg-e0baa845a03f357fa999d504ae83ac16 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-fade-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless 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class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lqdjda9r-a199345745aa664f8d76edba5fdb4bd1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lqdjda9r-a199345745aa664f8d76edba5fdb4bd1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lqdjda9r-a199345745aa664f8d76edba5fdb4bd1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lqdjda9r-a199345745aa664f8d76edba5fdb4bd1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lqdjda9r-a199345745aa664f8d76edba5fdb4bd1 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Deep Learning Approach for Monitoring Urban Land Cover Changes<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lqdjfjp2-777ee7841069105eb51bad9887af4f93 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #8a0000;\"><em>Krishna Kumar Perikamana, <a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/iihs-people\/team\/krishnachandran-balakrishnan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krishnachandran Balakrishnan<\/a>, Pratyush Tripathy\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>| 2024<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lqdjg1zp-8ac763313fb6a5699c00e7a507e01ef7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"p2\">Abstract<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Time series data of urban environment are extremely useful for analyzing urban growth trends, changes in impervious surface and vegetation distribution, and the associated consequences on urban microclimate. While medium-resolution Landsat data are excellent for such analysis, the existence of mixed pixels, which reflect a composite spectral response of the component classes, limits pixel-based categorization. Hence, to yield the full potential of the Landsat data, the proportions of classes (subpixels) in these mixed pixels need to be estimated which gives individual class proportions. This study proposes a subpixel classification method that leverages the temporal overlap of Landsat-5 TM and Resourcesat-1 LISS-IV sensors. The 30-m resolution Landsat-5 TM imagery is available from 1985 to 2011 and the 5-m resolution Resourcesat-1 LISS-IV imagery is available from 2003 to 2013. Hence, a direct mapping from Landsat-5 TM to Resourcesat-1 LISS-IV is highly feasible to estimate the percentage of built-up and vegetation fraction in each 30-m resolution cell. In the chapter, a convolutional neural network was trained to predict fractional land cover maps from 30\u00a0m Landsat-5 TM satellite data. The reference land cover fractions were estimated from a hard-classified LISS-IV image for Bengaluru from 2011. Further, the generalizability of the proposed model was demonstrated using satellite data for Mumbai (2009). For both Bengaluru (2011) and Mumbai (2009) datasets, the mean absolute error falls within the range of 7.2%\u201311.3% for both built-up and vegetation fraction prediction at the 30\u00a0m cell scale. The chapter highlights the subpixel classification by successfully simulating the sensor behavior of Landsat-5 TM, which can effectively be used for time series analysis to monitor the changes within the urban landscape.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-lqdjgjpn-cd58d7b9114e5df50f8d9a60ba19d6e1-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><a href='https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/B9780323991643000033'  class='avia-button av-lqdjgjpn-cd58d7b9114e5df50f8d9a60ba19d6e1 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Access Book Chapter\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Access Book Chapter<\/span><\/a><\/div><br 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aria-label=\"Capacity Development (2 items)\">Capacity Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/chronic-disease\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-212 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Chronic disease (1 item)\">Chronic disease<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/climate-change\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 14.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Climate Change (11 items)\">Climate Change<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/culture\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-107 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 14.434782608696pt;\" aria-label=\"Culture (10 items)\">Culture<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/cultures-of-medicine\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-211 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Cultures of medicine (1 item)\">Cultures of medicine<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/data-and-metrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-103 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 18.347826086957pt;\" aria-label=\"Data and Metrics (30 items)\">Data and Metrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Design (4 items)\">Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/economic-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-99 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 18.95652173913pt;\" aria-label=\"Economic Development (35 items)\">Economic Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ecosystem\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 15.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem (15 items)\">Ecosystem<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/energy\/\" 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items)\">Governance<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/health\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-151 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Health (3 items)\">Health<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/housing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-13 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Housing (27 items)\">Housing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/human-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-100 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 15.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Human Development (14 items)\">Human Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/illness-narratives\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-210 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Illness narratives (1 item)\">Illness narratives<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/industrial-policy\/\" 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19.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Land (43 items)\">Land<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/medical-diversity\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-208 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Medical diversity (1 item)\">Medical diversity<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/migration\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-234 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"migration (2 items)\">migration<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/non-economic-loss\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-194 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Non-Economic Loss (1 item)\">Non-Economic Loss<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/planning\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-106 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 17.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Planning (24 items)\">Planning<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/pluralism\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-209 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Pluralism (1 item)\">Pluralism<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/policies\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-146 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Policies (3 items)\">Policies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/poverty-and-inequality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-101 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 17.391304347826pt;\" aria-label=\"Poverty and Inequality (23 items)\">Poverty and Inequality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/risk\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-97 tag-link-position-37\" style=\"font-size: 16.521739130435pt;\" aria-label=\"Risk (18 items)\">Risk<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-67 tag-link-position-38\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Sanitation (2 items)\">Sanitation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/scholarly-publishing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-130 tag-link-position-39\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Scholarly Publishing (2 items)\">Scholarly Publishing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/science-gaps\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-193 tag-link-position-40\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Science Gaps (1 item)\">Science Gaps<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sustainability\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-93 tag-link-position-41\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Sustainability (6 items)\">Sustainability<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/training-manual\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-242 tag-link-position-42\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Training manual (3 items)\">Training manual<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/transport\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-95 tag-link-position-43\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Transport (5 items)\">Transport<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urbanisation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-88 tag-link-position-44\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Urbanisation (6 items)\">Urbanisation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/water-and-sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-96 tag-link-position-45\" style=\"font-size: 18.086956521739pt;\" aria-label=\"Water and Sanitation (28 items)\">Water and Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Krishna Kumar Perikamana, Krishnachandran Balakrishnan, Pratyush Tripathy<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books-book-chapters-and-monographs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20432"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20434,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20432\/revisions\/20434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}