{"id":14093,"date":"2019-09-12T12:28:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-12T06:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=14093"},"modified":"2022-09-08T12:54:48","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T07:24:48","slug":"a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"A Policy Review of Public Libraries in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-57g7tvx-fa412d84d85d201493be64c9073b83d0 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-fade-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 23.333333333333%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-57g7tvx-fa412d84d85d201493be64c9073b83d0__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-9141 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-9141\"  src=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-1500x350.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"350\" title='temple' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-1030x240.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-705x165.jpg 705w, https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/layerslider\/IIHS-Cityscapes-copy\/temple-450x105.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-4chbih9-3fd57d9736a594961f37e4c6adf1ae6e entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  avia-builder-el-last  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3uchpnx-55f309b5f75f933c8535d2a7b1f09d1b\">\n.flex_cell.av-3uchpnx-55f309b5f75f933c8535d2a7b1f09d1b{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#dfdfdf;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-3uchpnx-55f309b5f75f933c8535d2a7b1f09d1b{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-3uchpnx-55f309b5f75f933c8535d2a7b1f09d1b av-gridrow-cell av_one_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-2  el_before_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  content-align-top'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-3  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><div id=\"nav_menu-3\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_nav_menu\"><div class=\"menu-knowledge-gateway-container\"><ul id=\"menu-knowledge-gateway\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-18382\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-18382\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\">PUBLICATIONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18383\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?page_id=9472\">PAPERS AND ARTICLES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18384\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18384\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/books-and-monographs\/\">BOOKS, BOOK CHAPTERS AND MONOGRAPHS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18385\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18385\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/conference-proceedings\/\">CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18386\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/reports\/\">REPORTS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18389\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18389\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/policy-papers\/\">POLICY PAPERS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18388\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/cases\/\">CASES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18387\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/policy-briefs\/\">POLICY BRIEFS<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-19935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19935\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/glossaries\/\">GLOSSARIES<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18390\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18390\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/opinion-and-editorial\/\">OPINION AND EDITORIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-18391\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18391\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/maps-and-data\/\">MAPS AND DATA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bi9pl9-7a242343b71f9ff8ebe19e0d215cf799\">\n.flex_cell.av-bi9pl9-7a242343b71f9ff8ebe19e0d215cf799{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-bi9pl9-7a242343b71f9ff8ebe19e0d215cf799{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-bi9pl9-7a242343b71f9ff8ebe19e0d215cf799 av-gridrow-cell av_three_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_cell_one_fifth  el_before_av_cell_one_fifth  content-align-top'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-c2a50f950818bb17ec7383d4405e8735\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-c2a50f950818bb17ec7383d4405e8735{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-c2a50f950818bb17ec7383d4405e8735 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-c2a50f950818bb17ec7383d4405e8735 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-c2a50f950818bb17ec7383d4405e8735 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A Policy Review of Public Libraries in India<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k0gbxcz6-21ad740e6646448997affc58dea2946c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"http:\/\/iihs.co.in\/iihs-people\/team\/preedip-balaji\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Preedip Balaji<\/a>, Vinay, M. S, Mohan Raju J S | 2018<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k0gc5ftm-712b625497ded261c2dd4e80334c32f4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>Purpose<br \/>\nThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of policies, legislation and finance with respect to public libraries in India.<br \/>\nDesign\/methodology\/approach<br \/>\nThis is a descriptive study based on data collected from literature review and census data on public libraries, along with a field visit of government public libraries at Bangalore. It attempts a critique of existing policies related to public libraries in particular and the culture sector in general, which governs the Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAMs) in India.<br \/>\nFindings<br \/>\nOf India\u2019s 29 states and 7 union territories, 19 states have passed state library legislations, of which only 5 have the provision of a library cess or tax levy and it was found that states with lower literacy rates do not have library legislations. Bihar and Chhattisgarh in 2008 and Arunachal Pradesh in 2009 have recently passed these legislations without a library cess. Few states have progressed with the automation of public libraries, while 16 state libraries continue to function without any such legislation. The legislative process and legal issues involved in policy making, combined with the lack of political consensus and goodwill, have severely constrained the growth, coverage and development of public libraries for people in India. The existing national acts and state library legislations should be reviewed to adapt to changing times and to bring about integrated information services across GLAMs for the public. A RTI query sent to the Ministry of Culture revealed that there is no official data available on the per capita expenditure on public libraries in India.<br \/>\nPractical implications<br \/>\nIn an online-networked environment, all GLAM institutions work towards collecting, preserving and providing access to educational and cultural heritage resources as social capital. However, there is a lack of national policy to govern GLAMs and the government bodies responsible for developing GLAMs are not integrative in their processes. A more holistic framework is required to assess funding needs and to ensure reforms in culture sector.<br \/>\nCentral government should make it mandatory to have access to public library for every citizen of India, legitimating public library services, even as India celebrates 100 years of public librarianship and enters its second century of providing library and information services to the nation.<br \/>\nOriginality\/value<br \/>\nGLAMs should be inclusionary public spaces for intellectual engagement and community development and need greater attention of policy makers. Though the public library movement reached its peak in the nationalist movements of the early 20th century, developing integrated and contemporary policies for the growth and development of public libraries as a public good in the 21st century will make India a knowledge society.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k0gc5ftm-712b625497ded261c2dd4e80334c32f4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24943\/prpliwp1.2018<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-k0gcawqw-0ce07a37100a0012e907a510c6f6104c-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><a href='https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/A-Policy-Review-of-Public-Libraries-in-India.pdf'  class='avia-button av-k0gcawqw-0ce07a37100a0012e907a510c6f6104c av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Download Paper\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download Paper<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2nca46l-3366393000643089820d86ebef2ae967\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2nca46l-3366393000643089820d86ebef2ae967{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2nca46l-3366393000643089820d86ebef2ae967 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_button  el_before_av_social_share '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-219xkvh-5081f41ab32b004a596533d2b22e4b41 av-social-sharing-box-minimal  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" href='https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/&#038;t=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India' data-av_icon='\ue8f3' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Facebook'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-twitter avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on X\" href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India&#038;url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/?p=14093' data-av_icon='\ue932' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on X'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on X<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-whatsapp avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\" href='https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/' data-av_icon='\uf232' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on WhatsApp'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on WhatsApp<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-pinterest avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Pinterest\" href='https:\/\/pinterest.com\/pin\/create\/button\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fa-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india%2F&#038;description=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India&#038;media=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2Fiihs_logo_R_1.png' data-av_icon='\ue8f8' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Pinterest'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Pinterest<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" href='https:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India&#038;url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on LinkedIn'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-tumblr avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Tumblr\" href='https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/share\/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiihs.co.in%2Fknowledge-gateway%2Fa-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india%2F&#038;name=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India&#038;description=%3Cem%3EPreedip%20Balaji%2C%20Vinay%2C%20M.%20S%2C%20Mohan%20Raju%20J%20S%3C%2Fem%3E%3Cbr%2F%3E%3Chr%2F%3E' data-av_icon='\ue8fa' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Tumblr'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Tumblr<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-vk avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Vk\" href='https:\/\/vk.com\/share.php?url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/' data-av_icon='\ue926' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Vk'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Vk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-reddit avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Reddit\" href='https:\/\/reddit.com\/submit?url=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/&#038;title=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India' data-av_icon='\ue927' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Reddit'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Reddit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail avia_social_iconfont' ><a  aria-label=\"Share by Mail\" href='mailto:?subject=A%20Policy%20Review%20of%20Public%20Libraries%20in%20India&#038;body=https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/a-policy-review-of-public-libraries-in-india\/' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share by Mail'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share by Mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1l2gs19-541197b1f4e523c744796ca1861249de\">\n.flex_cell.av-1l2gs19-541197b1f4e523c744796ca1861249de{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#cfcfcf;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-1l2gs19-541197b1f4e523c744796ca1861249de{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-1l2gs19-541197b1f4e523c744796ca1861249de av-gridrow-cell av_one_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  content-align-top'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-13  el_before_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-first '><div id=\"search-2\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_search\"><h3 class=\"widgettitle\">Search<\/h3>\n<search>\n\t<form action=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/\" id=\"searchform\" method=\"get\" class=\"av_disable_ajax_search\">\n\t\t<div>\n<span class='av_searchform_search avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='search' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-1' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-1' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-1'>Search<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-1'>Search<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M24.704 24.704q0.96 1.088 0.192 1.984l-1.472 1.472q-1.152 1.024-2.176 0l-6.080-6.080q-2.368 1.344-4.992 1.344-4.096 0-7.136-3.040t-3.040-7.136 2.88-7.008 6.976-2.912 7.168 3.040 3.072 7.136q0 2.816-1.472 5.184zM3.008 13.248q0 2.816 2.176 4.992t4.992 2.176 4.832-2.016 2.016-4.896q0-2.816-2.176-4.96t-4.992-2.144-4.832 2.016-2.016 4.832z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\" id=\"searchsubmit\" class=\"button\" title=\"Click to start search\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"search\" id=\"s\" name=\"s\" value=\"\" aria-label='Search' placeholder='Search' required \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/form>\n<\/search>\n<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-last '><div id=\"tag_cloud-3\" class=\"widget clearfix widget_tag_cloud\"><h3 class=\"widgettitle\">Tags<\/h3><div class=\"tagcloud\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/1-5c\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-125 tag-link-position-1\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"1.5\u00b0C (2 items)\">1.5\u00b0C<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/adaptation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-123 tag-link-position-2\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Adaptation (4 items)\">Adaptation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/area-studies\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-214 tag-link-position-3\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Area Studies (1 item)\">Area Studies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ayurveda\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-213 tag-link-position-4\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Ayurveda (1 item)\">Ayurveda<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/built-environment\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-215 tag-link-position-5\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Built Environment (1 item)\">Built Environment<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/capacity-building\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-233 tag-link-position-6\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Capacity Building (2 items)\">Capacity Building<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/capacity-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-141 tag-link-position-7\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Capacity Development (2 items)\">Capacity Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/chronic-disease\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-212 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Chronic disease (1 item)\">Chronic disease<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/climate-change\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 14.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Climate Change (11 items)\">Climate Change<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/culture\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-107 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 14.434782608696pt;\" aria-label=\"Culture (10 items)\">Culture<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/cultures-of-medicine\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-211 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Cultures of medicine (1 item)\">Cultures of medicine<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/data-and-metrics\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-103 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 18.347826086957pt;\" aria-label=\"Data and Metrics (30 items)\">Data and Metrics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 11.478260869565pt;\" aria-label=\"Design (4 items)\">Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/economic-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-99 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 18.95652173913pt;\" aria-label=\"Economic Development (35 items)\">Economic Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ecosystem\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 15.826086956522pt;\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem (15 items)\">Ecosystem<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/energy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-160 tag-link-position-16\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Energy (5 items)\">Energy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/environment-and-climate\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-17\" style=\"font-size: 22pt;\" aria-label=\"Environment and Climate (80 items)\">Environment and Climate<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/equity\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-94 tag-link-position-18\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Equity (3 items)\">Equity<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/gender\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-110 tag-link-position-19\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Gender (5 items)\">Gender<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/governance\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-102 tag-link-position-20\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Governance (27 items)\">Governance<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/health\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-151 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Health (3 items)\">Health<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/housing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-13 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" aria-label=\"Housing (27 items)\">Housing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/human-development\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-100 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 15.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Human Development (14 items)\">Human Development<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/illness-narratives\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-210 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Illness narratives (1 item)\">Illness narratives<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/industrial-policy\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-80 tag-link-position-25\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Industrial Policy (2 items)\">Industrial Policy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/instructional-design\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-150 tag-link-position-26\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Instructional Design (2 items)\">Instructional Design<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/ipcc\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-27\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"IPCC (2 items)\">IPCC<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/knowledge\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-143 tag-link-position-28\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Knowledge (3 items)\">Knowledge<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/land\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-108 tag-link-position-29\" style=\"font-size: 19.652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Land (43 items)\">Land<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/medical-diversity\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-208 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Medical diversity (1 item)\">Medical diversity<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/migration\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-234 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"migration (2 items)\">migration<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/non-economic-loss\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-194 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Non-Economic Loss (1 item)\">Non-Economic Loss<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/planning\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-106 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 17.565217391304pt;\" aria-label=\"Planning (24 items)\">Planning<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/pluralism\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-209 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Pluralism (1 item)\">Pluralism<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/policies\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-146 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Policies (3 items)\">Policies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/poverty-and-inequality\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-101 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 17.391304347826pt;\" aria-label=\"Poverty and Inequality (23 items)\">Poverty and Inequality<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/risk\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-97 tag-link-position-37\" style=\"font-size: 16.521739130435pt;\" aria-label=\"Risk (18 items)\">Risk<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-67 tag-link-position-38\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Sanitation (2 items)\">Sanitation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/scholarly-publishing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-130 tag-link-position-39\" style=\"font-size: 9.5652173913043pt;\" aria-label=\"Scholarly Publishing (2 items)\">Scholarly Publishing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/science-gaps\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-193 tag-link-position-40\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Science Gaps (1 item)\">Science Gaps<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/sustainability\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-93 tag-link-position-41\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Sustainability (6 items)\">Sustainability<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/training-manual\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-242 tag-link-position-42\" style=\"font-size: 10.608695652174pt;\" aria-label=\"Training manual (3 items)\">Training manual<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/transport\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-95 tag-link-position-43\" style=\"font-size: 12.173913043478pt;\" aria-label=\"Transport (5 items)\">Transport<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/urbanisation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-88 tag-link-position-44\" style=\"font-size: 12.782608695652pt;\" aria-label=\"Urbanisation (6 items)\">Urbanisation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/tag\/water-and-sanitation\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-96 tag-link-position-45\" style=\"font-size: 18.086956521739pt;\" aria-label=\"Water and Sanitation (28 items)\">Water and Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Preedip Balaji, Vinay, M. S, Mohan Raju J S<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14093"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14093\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iihs.co.in\/knowledge-gateway\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}